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External Military Engagement Index

The EMEI combines observable inputs — arms dependence, foreign-base presence and defence-cooperation agreements — into a single 0–100 index (with a sensitivity band). It measures engagement, not influence.

Most externally engaged states

EMEI (arms + base + DCA), top 15

Arms embargoes

UN / EU measures on African states (country-level flag; scope noted) — click a row for the profile

TargetBodyScopeIn force

Engagement vs. conflict

Each state by total conflict fatalities (log scale) and EMEI — bubble size = arms received, colour = sub-region · click to open

Military burden

Military spending as a share of GDP — top 12 · click to open

Arms-embargo timeline

UN and EU measures on African states, by year — red bars are in force in 2025 · click a bar for the profile

Foreign military presence over time

Recorded installations and confirmed training missions per year, stacked by external actor — the post-2021 decline reflects the French and US withdrawals from the Sahel and the UAE's exit from Eritrea

Resource wealth and arms imports

Each state by average natural-resource rents (World Bank, % of GDP, 2000–2025 average) and total delivered TIV (log scale) — bubble size scales with volume, colour = sub-region · click to open